Rachel Whiteread

English sculptor, draughtsman and printmaker. She studied painting at Brighton Polytechnic (1982–5) and sculpture at the Slade School of Fine Art (1985–7). Employing traditional casting methods and materials that are commonly used in the preparation of sculptures rather than for the finished object, such as plaster, rubber and resin, she makes sculptures of the spaces in, under and on everyday objects. Her art operates on many levels: it captures and gives materiality to the sometimes unfamiliar spaces of familiar life (bath, sink, mattress or chair), transforming the domestic into the public; it fossilises everyday objects in the absence of human usage; and it allows those objects to stand anthropomorphically for human beings themselves. 

Whiteread's choice of subject-matter reflects an awareness of the intrinsically human-scaled design of the objects with which we surround ourselves and exploits the severing of this connection, by removal of the object's function, to express absence and loss. Her early work allowed autobiographical elements. Later works move towards the expression of a universal human position, and their titles become correspondingly more prosaic.

 

Rachel Whiteread, ‘Untitled (Stairs)’ 2001 (no date) Available at: http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/rachel-whiteread-2319 (Accessed: 25 April 2015)

 

Rachel Whiteread as a sculture acts as an artistic similarity to my project. By filling the space inside an object with plaster it casts the interior completely and detailed as shown on the book shelves as shown below. If this same concept was applied the the urban landscape it would look like a puzzle where structures are tailored to fit the voids that currently exist.

Process:

Space

Space filled with plaster

Exterior (mould) of space removed

Solid cast of interior remains

 

Gordon Matta Clark

During the 1970s, Matta-Clark made the works for which he is best known: his "anarchitecture." These were temporary works created by sawing and carving sections out of buildings, most of which were scheduled to be destroyed. He documented these projects in photography and film. Although he made interventions into a former iron foundry in Genoa, Italy, in 1973, his first large-scale project has been defined as Splitting (1974). To create this work, Matta-Clark sawed two parallel slices through a nondescript wood-frame house in Englewood, New Jersey, and removed the material between the two cuts. In addition, he cut out the corners of the house's roof, which were subsequently shown at John Gibson Gallery in New York. He made similar gestures in some of his photographs, cutting the actual negatives rather than manipulating individual prints.

In Day's End (1975), the artist removed part of the floor and roof of a derelict pier in Manhattan, creating a "sun and water temple." After he worked undiscovered on the project for two months, the City of New York filed a lawsuit against him; it was eventually dropped. For the Biennale de Paris the same year, he made Conical Intersect by cutting a large cone-shaped hole through two seventeenth-century townhouses, which were to be knocked down to construct the then-controversial Centre Georges Pompidou. In 1976, Matta-Clark created his own controversy. Rather than participating in an exhibition alongside well-known architects as planned, he shot out the windows of the Institute of Architecture and Urban Studies in New York. This act has been interpreted as a protest against the architectural establishment. Interested in the inner workings underneath the visible, he filmed and photographed tunnels, sewers, and catacombs in New York and Paris in 1977, a project aided by a fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.

 

Collection Online | Gordon Matta-Clark - Guggenheim Museum (no date) Available at: http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/artists/bios/874 (Accessed: 25 April 2015)

 

Matta Clark’s work of creating voids inside buildings is the opposite to the concept of my project of filling spaces that exist. The angles and edges of his pieces are interesting particularly where the materials in front and behind are revealed. All his projects were created on buildings planned for demolition and I feel his pieces are a very unusual way of giving these ‘dead’ buildings a new form before they are destroyed!

Previously I had only been thinking of voids as the exterior space between two structures but I'm realising how the interior of structures could deb classed as voids. Interior voids and spaces that are purposely left empty by architects be it for impact when in the space or a specific way of altering the flow of people along with many other reasons.

Simply cut for a window/ source of light, or a new passage as needed feels like the idea of an adaptable space that can be altered.

In my design brief I talk about the aim of creating a social space – the idea of this adaptable space will be included in my design as I feel all social spaces are adapted by the users.

Y - NL Architects

Plaster Positive/Negative Model

To recreate the works of both Rachel Whiteread and Gordon Matter Clark in one model i used balloons covering them in plaster. I felt that using one model for both emphasised the opposite nature of their separate techniques.

Having the balloons in the plaster there is the directly link where the plaster meets the balloon and forms around it whereas once the balloons are popped the void is created making the negative space.

A quick realisation shows how the balloons extruding from the plaster is a concept similar to parasite architecture where pods extrude from the wall. In the context of the street they are utilising the wasted space and providing a new purpose.